Primary prevention of Epidemics

In Myanmar, zoonotic outbreaks are often precipitated by landscape-level factors common to developing regions, including increased trade and mobility…

The Operational Tool on Joint Risk Assessment (JRA OT) has been developed by the Tripartite organisations (FAO, OIE and WHO) and technical experts to provide guidance on how to set up a joint risk assessment process at national level. While it describes step-by-step how to conduct each component of the process, it also provides model documents and templates to support its implementation by staff from national ministries responsible for management of zoonotic diseases. What are the benefits? Bringing together a wealth of expertise and information from all relevant sectors to jointly assess risks from zoonotic diseases contributes to the understanding and management of shared threats at the human-animal-environment interface. The information provided by a joint risk assessment makes possible the implementation of preventative actions according to evaluations on event likelihood and impact. Thanks to the recommendations on risk monitoring, management and communication resulting from a joint risk assessment, decision-makers can implement science-based measures and align communication messages between sectors.

The denouement came with big screaming headlines, “Sri Lanka’s President Flees country on a military jet.” For the youth and women-led ‘Janatha Aragalaya’ (People’s Struggle), like so many in the island nation, the political obituary of the Rajapaksa clan-led government, in a manner so undignified, is seen as the first step in their months-long demand for good governance.

The next potential pandemic will likely originate from animals, so it’s vital we understand how and why spillover occurs – and what can be done to stop it.

The avian influenza epidemic has killed over 58 million birds in the U.S. Outbreaks of viruses like bird flu raise the spectre of another disease jumping from animals into humans – a process called spillover. But what can be done to stop it?

Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover

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Les épidémies et pandémies de grande ampleur récentes (rougeole, Covid-19, etc.) démontrent que pour prévenir, détecter et combattre efficacement les menaces graves de maladies infectieuses et minimiser leurs effets, il convient de mobiliser les communautés en tant que partenaires à part entière en les associant aux programmes et en collaborant avec elles. L’Indonésie, vaste archipel très peuplé, est exposée à des aléas tels que les inondations, les tremblements de terre et les tsunamis. Elle est également confrontée au risque de maladies épidémiques et pandémiques dû, entre autres facteurs, à son exposition aux aléas naturels, à une population et une densité de population élevées, à d’importants mouvements de population internes pour raisons professionnelles et touristiques, aux changements climatiques, au commerce et à la consommation d’espèces sauvages, à des capacités et une couverture sanitaires limitées, et au faible niveau de connaissances de nombreuses communautés en matière sanitaire. Ces caractéristiques augmentent le risque de flambées de maladies au sein des communautés En 2018, la Croix-Rouge indonésienne, en partenariat avec la Fédération internationale, s’est engagée dans le Programme de préparation des communautés aux épidémies et aux pandémies (CP3) pour: élaborer et piloter un modèle lui permettant d’élargir la couverture de surveillance existante au niveau communautaire, notamment aux populations les plus vulnérables renforcer la préparation et la résilience des communautés afin de lutter contre les flambées potentielles en menant des opérations de détection précoce et des actions rapides renforcer ses capacités d’intervention face aux flambées et aux épidémies.  

Les systèmes de surveillance communautaire permettent très tôt de détecter l’émergence de maladies. Tenir compte des spécificités locales est indispensable à leur efficacité. En Guinée, une équipe du Cirad s’intéresse aux connaissances et perceptions d’une communauté dans une approche One Health. Les résultats révèlent une grande hétérogénéité des savoirs locaux. Cette étude a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet européen EBO-Sursy.

MEASURE Evaluation (2018)

Community-based surveillance in animal health works when key actors actively contribute to reporting the early detection of disease outbreak.

Community-based surveillance systems are a key step in improving the early detection and assessment of disease outbreaks. These guiding principles build on the extensive experience of communities, and of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies that support them, and offer advice on how communities can play an essential role in their own health security. For practical resources, see our community-based surveillance protocol template and assessment tool.

“Le Rapport sur les Pandémies de l'@IPBESfr montre que les mêmes activités humaines à l'origine de la perte de #Biodiversité et du #ChangementClimatique rendent également les pandémies plus fréquentes, plus coûteuses et plus meurtrières En savoir plus: https://t.co/PJoFpCWrZ6”

The One Health Joint Plan of Action was launched by the Quadripartite – the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE). This first joint plan on One Health aims to create a framework to integrate systems and capacity so that we can collectively better prevent, predict, detect, and respond to health threats. Ultimately, this initiative seeks to improve the health of humans, animals, plants, and the environment, while contributing to sustainable development. The One Health Joint Plan of Action, developed through a participatory process, provides a set of activities that aim to strengthen collaboration, communication, capacity building, and coordination across all sectors responsible for addressing health concerns at the human-animal-plant-environment interface.

is a global initiative working nationally to prevent pandemics and related health risks by strengthening the environmental aspects of One Health.

Learn how the One Health approach can help prevent the next pandemic. Read the latest report from the World Bank and find out how this integrated approach is making a difference in sustainably balancing and optimizing the health of people, animals, and ecosystems.

At the request of the Quadripartite organizations, the One Health High-Level Expert Panel (OHHLEP) recently published a white paper calling for enhanced prevention of zoonotic spillover within the triad of Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response. The paper advocates for the need to reduce the risk of zoonotic disease spillover at source through improved prevention measures, an approach that is more efficient than relying on disease detection and response.

Bioethics is a field in which innovation is required to help prevent and respond to zoonotic diseases with the potential to cause epidemics and pandemics. Some of the developments necessary to fight pandemics, such as COVID-19 vaccines, require public debate on the benefits and risks of individual choice versus responsibility to society. While these debates are necessary, a more fundamental ethical innovation to rebalance human, animal, and environmental interests is also needed. One Health (OH) can be characterized as a strategy that recognizes and promotes the synergy between human, animal, and environmental health. Yet, despite the recognition that these entities are interdependent, there is a pronounced inequality in the power relations between human, non-human animal, and the environmental interests which threatens the well-being of all. Until OH can ensure the moral status of animals and the environment and thereby the equal consideration of these interests, it will struggle to protect non-human interests and, as a result, human health. To create a sustainable health system requires a renewed concept of justice that is ecocentric in nature and an application of OH that is flexible and responsive to different ethical interests (e.g., person-centred care and physician responsibilities). Ultimately, to save themselves, humans must now think beyond themselves. Bioethics must assume a key role in supporting the developments required to create and maintain relationships able to sustain environmental and human health.

Read this article highlighting, “…given the acceleration of globalisation, a paradigm shift towards prevention of zoonotic spillovers is warranted…” – ‘Global…

There's a worrying rise in zoonoses - diseases that jump from animals to humans. According to the World Health Organization analysis, zoonotic outbreaks in…

« Quelque chose s’est passé » en 2021 qui a rendu ce virus beaucoup plus infectieux, selon un virologue de l’OMS.